John Cary / G F Cruchley - Dartmoor Manoeuvres

As well as the reprinted sheets from Cary's Improved Map listed in the previous entry, Cruchley used lithographs taken from his Reduced Ordnance Map of Devonshire (itself a reprinting of Palmer/Cary of 1813, see B&B 80 and 138) to produce a map of Dartmoor to coincide with military manoeuvres taking place there in 1873[1]. This map, Reduced Ordnance Map. Environs of Dartmoor compiled for the Autumn Manoeuvres (South Division) (cover title), was a section of the Reduced Ordnance Map but enlarged to a scale of ¾ mile to the inch and folding into the usual Cruchley orange card covers either coloured (eighteen pence) or plain (one shilling).[2]

Although not strictly a tourist map the cover gives the impression that spectators would be present. This impression is reinforced by the inclusion of the second small map included which gives main railway routes from the north to Exeter and Plymouth, presumably for potential spectators (and journalists). Certainly, there was considerable interest in the manoeuvres, carried out at Dartmoor and at Cannock Chase with reports in most newspapers of the day. The New York Times (August 31st 1873) even reported but noted that the officers were somewhat upset that the manoeuvres coincided with the beginning of the grouse season and that the weather had been so bad on Dartmoor that the reporter wondered whether the soldiers would ever get dry again.

Size: 520 x 655 mm. SCALE OF MILES (5 = 96 mm).

Map has no title. Imprint: LONDON. PUBLISHED BY G F CRUCHLEY, MAP‑SELLER & GLOBE MAKER, 81, FLEET STREET (BeOS).

Area covered includes Plymouth Sound (Ae, no breakwater, border extended by a few mm) to Exeter including mouth of the Exe and just including all the GWR from Exeter to Oakhampton (border extended slightly to include this). Widecombe is spelt Withycombe.

Railways to Moretonhampstead and planned to Ashton. Oakhampton to Lidford projected. For coloured copies: the area of the manoeuvres themselves has been coloured light green with dark green outline. Several areas within this main area are coloured red (and one at Moreton Hampstead, presumably the various camps) and two areas (one within and one outside this area; both of them covering bogs) have been coloured blue; but there is no explanation to the colour scheme. 

1.1873 In orange card covers[3] with title-

Reduced Ordnance Map. Environs of Dartmoor Compiled for the Autumn Manoeuvres (South Division)
London. G F Cruchley. (1873). BL, KB[4].

For Cary´s county maps refer to The Printed Maps of Devon entries 51, 54, 55, 69, 71, 73 and 92. Click reference number to open directly.

For Cary´s New Map of England and Wales so-called "square atlas" - click here.

For Cary´s Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Cary and others - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by John Heydon - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by A H Swiss - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Arthur Westley - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Thomas Doidge - click here.

For the 2 sections of Improved Map of England and Wales as used by Beatrix Cresswell - click here.

To return / access the Catalogue of Maps in this work - click here

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[1] Two further maps of military manoeuvres in Devon are known; these were produced by Stanford and by Wyld.

[2] I am grateful to the late Tim Nicholson for drawing my attention to the three Dartmoor Manoeuvres maps. See also his article on Cruchley folding maps in the IMCoS JOURNAL, Spring 2003.

[3] There is also a key map showing main rail routes to the south west covering area from London to Plymouth and Devonport (180 x 315 mm).

[4] The author has coloured and uncoloured copies.

 John Cary - Beatrix Feodore Cresswell 

Beatrix Feodore Cresswell wrote a large number of guide books for the Homeland series and at least two of the books published at or around the end of the nineteenth century for the Homeland Handbook series were on the westcountry. One of these, Dartmoor and its Surroundings appeared as early as 1898[1]; an advertisement for the GWR on the back cover is dated; and there is reference to the heavy snowfall this present year (1898) when convicts at Prince Town prison were used to clear the railway line (p.97). The first edition was published by Beechings Ltd, London. 

Subsequent editions were still published as The Homeland Handbooks but now by St. Bride's Press, London, although local booksellers could include their own names on the cover. The books were originally available paperback at sixpence or bound for 1/- although the price of the latter was increased to 1/6 for the second edition which appeared in 1900. The fully illustrated guidebooks of Dartmoor (photographs, mostly by Blampey & Son) included maps which were transfers from the plates of Cary's Improved Map. 

Cresswell also published a Homeland Guide to Teignmouth click here. 

Cary Improved 6 (Cresswell) 

Size: 162 x 415 mm.                         Scale (10 = 130 mm). 

Two maps: DARTMOOR, NORTHERN SECTION and DARTMOOR, SOUTHERN SECTION. Each title is (AeOS) with the scale bar (CeOS). Both maps have imprint: Gall & Inglis, Edinburgh (EeOS). The northern section shows Okehampton to Exeter with Bovey Tracey. The Southern section shows Dawlish to Tavistock with Totnes and Bickleigh. Illustrated.

1. 1900 Homeland Handbooks No. 8 Dartmoor and its Surroundings by Beatrix Cresswell London. St Bride's Press. (1900). MCL.

Dartmoor and its Surroundings … Second Edition (Revised) London. St Bride's Press. 1900. BL[2], KB[3].

2. 1900 One map with no title. Publisher’s imprint: THE HOMELAND ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF TOURISM (Ae-BeOS). Scale (CeOS) and printer’s signature as before (EeOS).The map shows area from Ashbury Station (Aa) and Plymouth (Ae) in the west to Brampford Speke (Ea) and Brixham (Ee) in the east, i.e. covers a slightly larger area than the two maps above.

Dartmoor and its Surroundings … Second Edition London. St Bride's Press. 1900. DevA, BL[4].

For Cary´s county maps refer to The Printed Maps of Devon entries 51, 54, 55, 69, 71, 73 and 92. Click reference number to open directly.

For Cary´s New Map of England and Wales so-called "square atlas" - click here.

For Cary´s Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Cary and others - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by John Heydon - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by A H Swiss - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Arthur Westley - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Thomas Doidge - click here.

For the section of Cary´s Reduced Ordnance Map of England and Wales as issued by G F Cruchley to show Dartmoor Maneouvres - click here.

To return / access the Catalogue of Maps in this work - click here

 

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[1] The author’s copy may have contained a map, if so this is missing. Two companies are named on the cover in a small panel: James G Commin in Exeter and Beechings of London.

[2] BL 10360.p.8/1. This edition has a) an undated “green” cover, b) has a GWR advert dated 1899 on back cover, c) accession stamp on cover is 16 JUL 99, d) has the name of the bookseller, Andrew Iredale of Torquay, in small panel on front cover. Cover has added note: Second Edition revised 1900 and the volume has 132 pages.

[3] The volume in the author’s collection has been bound in green cloth, has the earlier maps but has 144 pages.

[4] BL 10360.p.8/2. This edition has a) a dated “brown” cover, b) has a different GWR advert dated 1899 on back cover, c) accession stamp on cover is 27 MAR 1900 d) has two small panels on front cover, one with Cresswell’s name and “issued in cooperation United Devon Association”. It also has a second accession stamp inside 16 JU 99 (page 6) and has 144 pages. Title page: Second Edition (revised) 1900.

Cassell & Co., Ltd 

Cassell 5a - 5c 

Towards the end of the nineteenth century a number of gazetteer-style works appeared. In 1894 F S Weller's maps appeared in The Comprehensive Gazetteer of England and Wales edited by J H F Brabner. This contained the traditional county format maps but also a few town plans (see Weller, F S for a plan of Plymouth etc.). But the days of the county atlas were coming to a close. More and more works were using the sheet-style format where county boundaries were no longer considered. Cary's maps 100 years earlier had utilised this technique (see Cary's New and Improved Maps but it was not a popular format at that time.

In 1898 Cassell's brought out a six volume gazetteer including 60 maps. The atlas had actually been issued in parts between 1893-1898. The volumes contained a place by place description and history of every city, town, village and hamlet in the whole of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland in the true gazetteer style. It was liberally illustrated with very detailed maps of the countries. Devon was mostly represented on Sheets XIX, XX and XXV but a small portion of the western border was included with Cornwall on Sheet XXIV. Map XIX appeared in Volume II of the part-work; maps XXV and XX appeared in Volume III. These maps were prepared by W & A K Johnston.

W & A K Johnston were among the leading publishers of cartographic material in Great Britain during the nineteenth century. They engraved and published their Modern Map of England and Wales which was not only used to prepare maps of Devon and Cornwall (together) for Murray’s Handbooks between 1858 and 1876 but also subsequently issued as Johnston’s Modern County Atlas in 1889. 

The original plates had a long life time as the actual mapping had been carried out over 50 years before. Murray´s various Handbooks for Travellers had included maps taken from the original plates as early as 1858 but it was not until 1889, i.e. just before Cassell´s bought thir sectonal maps, that the company of W & A K Johnston brought the maps out in an atlas. The Modern County Atlas of England & Wales only appeared once. It would seem that the Johnstons were more successful in supplying others with sections. Only one copy of The Handy Library of England and Wales published by C W Deacon is known although the same company included large maps in its Devon and Cornwall County Guide (1896). The history of these maps is described in Victorian Maps of Devon entry 135 (click to access).  

Maps from these plates were also used in a guide to Sidmouth published by the Day Bros., see next entry. 

Size: 190 x 275 mm.                                         English Miles (10 = 55 mm). 

ENGLAND MAP XIX or XX or XXV (EaOS). Signature: W & A K Johnston, Edinburgh and London (AeOS) and  imprint: Cassell & Company, Limited, London. (EeOS).

Map XIX has Northwest Devon, Lynmouth to Tavistock with Porthcothan (Ae); XX has Northeast Devon; and XXV shows all south coast from Plymouth to Abbotsbury (Dorset).    

 1. 1898      Cassell’s Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland London, Paris & Melbourne. Cassell & Co., Ltd. 1898.                                                 KB.

Sheets XIX and XXV

 

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Cassell & Co., Ltd 

Cassell 3 & 4 - Railway Guides

Although many railway publications and timetables published by the various operators included maps, these were generally larger regional plans showing the complete network or parts thereof. Cassells published both The Official Guide to the Great Western Railway and The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway. The former guide contained a map very similar to the county map of Devon found in the latter publication (B&B 165) and the latter guide included plans of railway terminii, including Exeter and Plymouth.

Paperback (card) cover to 1890 GWR Guide. 

With thanks to Gerald Baker Books.[1]

These works were almost definitely published annually (although very few are held by any public libraries) and typically published both as hardback (red covers, 2s) or as paperback pocket editions (1s) in card covers. The paperback GWR edition of 1884, for example, had illustrations of Paddington Station and Saltash bridge, while in 1890 a picture of Torquay was depicted (above). 

Cassell 3 - The Official Guide to the Great Western Railway

Size: c.130 x 200 mm. No Scale. 

ROUTE MAP. – IV. EXETER TO PLYMOUTH. (CeOS). No imprint. Signature: S (or J) GULMAN Lith (Ae).

Simple sketch map of the south of Devon.

1. 1884 The Official Guide to the Great Western Railway
London. Cassell & Co., Ltd. 1884, 1890. KB, GBB.

2. 1897  Title has been extended to read: ROUTE MAP. – IV. EXETER TO TORQUAY, DARTMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, AND DEVONPORT. The main route (Exeter to Plymouth) has been strengthened. 

The Official Guide to the Great Western Railway – New and Revised Edition
London. Cassell & Co., Ltd. 1897. TB.

 

Cassell 4a & 4b The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway

Cassell 4a

Size: 130 x 200 mm. No Scale.

PLAN OF EXETER (CeOS). Imprints: London and South Western Railway Official Guide (AeOS) and Cassell & Company, Limited, London (EeOS). Light sepia colour.

Cassell 4b

Size: 125 x 200 mm. No Scale.

PLAN OF PLYMOUTH (CeOS). Imprints: London and South Western Railway Official Guide (AeOS) and Cassell & Company, Limited, London (EeOS). Light sepia colour.

1. 1888 The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway 

London. Cassell & Co., Ltd. 1888, 1889, 1891. RGS; RGS; KB.

 

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[1] GWR Guide cover provided by Gerald Baker of Gerald Baker Books, Bristol (http://www.bakersbooks.co.uk/page1.html). Town plan and sketch map illustrations kindly provided by the late Tony Burgess.

Cassell & Co., Ltd 

Cassell 2a–e 

Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial was produced originally in 1882 (two volumes in a five-volume set are dated) and some time later also for subscribers in 6 volumes[1]. Subscriber’s copies seen are undated and have a title page differing from the other editions, with the words SPECIAL EDITION. The map of Exmoor (vol. 2) has a small portion of the coast east of Lynton. Although the volumes are packed with maps and plans, many have no scale and only maps in the fifth volume of the early set had a printer's signature.

 Cassell 2a 

Size: 135 x 52 mm.                                                              No Scale. 

MAP OF THE COURSE OF THE PLYM (CeOS). No signature or imprint. The area covered is from Prince Town (top) to the Breakwater (bottom). Volume 1, p.67. 

Cassell 2b 

Size: 60 x 105 mm.                                                             No Scale. 

MAP OF NORTH DEVON (CeOS). No signature or imprint. The area covered is from Lundy (northwest) to the Foreland and Meshaw (northeast and southeast). Volume 3, p.99. 

Cassell 2c 

Size: 90 x 138 mm.                                                   (5 = 32 mm) MILES. 

MAP OF SOUTH DEVON (CeOS). Signature: Typo-etching Co., del, et &c (EeOS). Oriented with west top. Area covered from Dartmouth and Kingswear (Ac) to Hennock and Exmouth (Ea and Ee). Volume 5, p.52. 

Cassell 2d 

Size: 85 x 134 mm.               No Scale. 

MAP OF EXETER (CeOS). No signature or imprint. The area covered is from Hermitage (Ab) to Heavitree (Ed). Volume 2, p.161. 

Cassell 2e 

Size: 60 x 80 mm.                                                          No Scale. 

OLD PLAN OF EXETER (CeOS). No signature or imprint. Miniature reproduction of Braun and Hogenberg. Volume 2, p.165. 

1. 1882            Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial Subscriber's Set

                        London, Paris & Melbourne. Cassell & Co., Ltd.1882[2].                       KB.

 

                        Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial Subscriber's Set

                        London, Paris & Melbourne. Cassell & Co., Ltd.1898.                              FB.

                       

Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial
London, Paris & Melbourne. Cassell & Co., Ltd. 1898.                               KB.

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[1] Volume number of the subscriber set is sometimes shown by the number of stars on the spine.

[2] The author has a set of five volumes; Volumes IV and V are dated 1882.

 Cassell & Co., Ltd 

Publishers at La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, Cassell, Petter & Galpin first venture into publishing maps was when they purchased the plates and stock of the Weekly Dispatch Atlas in 1864 and immediately advertised their atlas. These maps were also issued weekly as loose sheets to the readers of Cassell's Illustrated Family Newspaper.[1]

John Cassell (1817-1865) was a supporter of the teetotal movement and is known to have visited the westcountry in 1840/41.[2] He had founded a tea and coffee business before going into publishing but then printed a number of works aimed at the working man such as almanacks, tracts, a temperance monthly and a weekly radical newspaper. He ventured into book publishing in 1850 and in 1851 was advertising guides to the Great Exhibition. Thomas Dixon Galpin (b.1828) and George William Petter ran a printing business with which Cassell worked frequently. In 1855 Cassell ran into financial problems and Petter and Galpin bought his business, retaining the Cassell name and moving into his printing premises. John Cassell died in 1865. Thomas Galpin was related to George Lock of Ward, Lock & Co.[3]

Our Own Country ... Descriptive, Historical, Pictorial was produced originally in 1882. The five maps are set in a page of text in the various volumes. Click here to access.

From 1884 Cassells published The Official Guide to the Great Western Railway. This guide contained a number of maps and plans including Route Maps and Map IV showed parts of south Devon. From 1888 Cassells published The Official Guide to the London & South Western Railway. This guide also contained maps and plans including plans of Exeter and Plymouth. Click here for access.

Cassell’s Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland, published in London, Paris & Melbourne by Cassell & Co., Ltd from 1893 to 1898 (it was ssued in parts) which had sectional maps of the British Isles and two showed most of Devon. Click here to access.

The W & A K Johnston plates were used to prepare maps for two Sidmouth guides by Day Brothers and by Macvean and Williams. Click here.

Cassell 1 - Chanter

John Chanter's second work was published circa 1877 and contained a map of the island of Lundy. There are no signatures or imprints to confirm whether or not the map was drawn by Chanter himself. Much of the material had been contributed to the Devonshire Association as early as 1871 and printed in their Transactions of the same year. This was an updated and expanded edition. The work was published by W Brendon and Son of Plymouth who frequently printed the Devonshire Association Transactions.

In addition to the works quoted above, Cassell´s first map of a Devon area was one that they used to illustrate a book on Lundy by John Roberts Chanter (1816-1895) a local historian. The originator and First Honorary Secretary of the Barnstaple Literary and Scientific Institute (1845–1861) Chanter's first work containing a map was published in 1865; the map being a plan of the town of Barnstaple. Sketches of Some Striking Incidents in the History of Barnstaple was printed and sold by E J Arnold of High Street, Barnstaple and was a summarised history of the chief events of the town. Although not actually covered by the scope of this work both works have been included for those who are interested in his works. The map of Lundy described here is one of very few published before 1900. Click here to access History of Barnstaple. The North Devon Athenaeum has an oil painting of him by an unknown artist. [4]

Size: 365 x 240 mm.                        No scale. 

MAP OF LUNDY ISLAND. The simple sketch map shows the island only with the coastal cliffs well hachured. REFERENCES (Be-De), compass with Magnetic Variation (Aa) but no scale.

1. 1877 Lundy Island: A Monograph, Descriptive and Historical ... By John Roberts Chanter
London. Cassell, Petter, And Galpin. 1877[5].   KB, BL.

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[1]  One of Cassell's more successful ventures, this paper began in 1853 and, under different titles, survived until 1932. Full coverage of this work is in The Victorian Maps of Devon entry 136. (Click to access.)
[2]  S Nowell-Smith; 1958; pp. 8, 29, 42, 51ff and D Smith; Cassell and Co; in The IMCoS Journal; Issue 70; 1997.
[3]  Edward Liveing in Adventure in Publishing (Ward Lock & Co. Ltd; 1954; p.29) recounts that Cassell, Petter and Galpin sold quantities of maps from the Dispatch Atlas to Ward and Lock in 1863.
[4] Image n-line at https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/john-roberts-chanter-1816-1895-unknown-artist/OgGew1cNe4ryBA?hl=en 
[5] Preface is dated 1877, Fort Hill, Barnstaple, although no date is on title page.

 John Cary - The NEW MAP of ENGLAND and WALES

Cary's New Map of England and Wales consisted of a total of 81 nearly square maps and was first published by John Cary, in London in 1794. It was also sold as a hand-coloured engraved map in three separate sections, each dissected into 27 sheets and mounted on linen, edged in green silk, with inset maps of Scilly Isles and a General Map of the Counties of England and Wales, folded into the original marbled pull-off slipcase. Dimensions: (if joined) 2310 by 1830 mm (91 by 72 inches), each section being 790 by 1830 mm (31 by 72 inches). Scale: one inch : 5 miles. 

Devon is shown on four sheets (map sheet 4 is only English Channel). 

Cary 1a-d New Map of England and Wales

Size: 250 x 205 mm (+/‑5).                                                                                       No scale.

No Title but all maps have the following distinguishing feature: Plate No. in a small box (CaOS or CeOS) which is flanked by the numbers of the adjacent sheets; four line border, whereby one line is thick; some sheets have an imprint: Published by J Cary June 1^st 1794. (CeOS). The western boundary is on sheets 2 and 11, which cover most of Cornwall.

1a. As described with Plate number 3: shows an area from Rame Head to Dawlish and inland to Bovey Tracey and Tavistock. Illustrated top.

1b. As described with Plate number 11: shows an area from Hartland to Padstow and inland to Launceston. Illustrated centre.

1c. As described with Plate number 12: shows an area from Barnstaple Bay to Minehead and inland to St Mary Tavy and Moreton Hampstead. Illustrated below.

1d. As described with Plate number 13: shows an area from Dunster (Somerset) to Wells and Shepton Mallet at top to Exmouth and Langton Herring (in Dorset) at bottom.

1. 1794    

Cary's New Map of England and Wales with part of Scotland Second Edition Corrected to 1824 

London. John Cary. 1824.            BL[1].

 

For Cary´s county maps refer to The Printed Maps of Devon entries 51, 54, 55, 69, 71, 73 and 92. Click reference number to open directly.

For Cary´s Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Cary and others - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by John Heydon - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by A H Swiss - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Arthur Westley - click here.

For the section of Improved Map of England and Wales as issued by Thomas Doidge - click here.

For the 2 sections of Improved Map of England and Wales as used by Beatrix Cresswell - click here.

For the section of Cary´s Reduced Ordnance Map of England and Wales as issued by G F Cruchley to show Dartmoor Maneouvres - click here.

To return / access the Catalogue of Maps in this work - click here

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[1] BL Maps C.6.c.64. Ilustrations are from early loose sheets (probably first edition); the only full atlas seen is at the BL (second edition).

 Rev. W R B Brownlow

 

In 1886 the Rev. William Robert Bernard Brownlow, Bishop of Clifton, wrote an extensive survey covering Babbacombe and St Marychurch. The book was a result of a talk delivered to the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science and originally published in their transactions. The Rev. Brownlow also reported on a Visitation to St Marychurch 1301, also printed in the society’s Transactions. The Torquay distributor was Andrew Iredale.

At least two of Rev. Brownlow´s sermons were published and / or distributed by both Edward Cockrem and Edward Croydon of Torquay: "A Little Child shall lead them." A few memorials of George Matthew Hoare, contained in notes to a sermon preached in S. John's, Torquay, May 18th, 1862 the Sunday after his funeral  [1862]; and 

 The Church of England and its Defenders. A second letter to Anglican friends .. In reply to the Rev. J. W. Patterson [i.e. to “The Church of England versus the Roman Church in England”], and Rev. J. Walter Moore [i.e. to “Some Critical Remarks,” etc. 1873. 

 Size: 210 x 550 mm. Scale – One Acre of 10 square chains (10 = 30).

 COPY of MANOR MAP of ST MARY CHURCH circa 1775 (Ee) with note: Reduced ½ - and printed by kind permission of R S S Cary Esq of Tor Abbey.

The map shows the coastal areas of Babbacombe with the Bay (Ae) oriented almost horizontal, ie with north facing bottom right. There is a north point with True Meridian (Ca). St Mary Church is shown as well as the areas enclosed by the manor of Coomb-Pafford (sic) with Shiphay and Kingskerswell Parish. 

1.1886      St Marychurch in Saxon and Norman Times

Plymouth. W Brendon & Sons. 1886.                      TQ, KB.
 
Papers on the Subject of St Mary Church in the County of Devon
Plymouth. W Brendon & Sons. 1886-1898.  BL [1].

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[1] This volume has a second additional title page (placed at front) with this title and Compiled by William Bartlett, of Liverpool. It includes not only St Marychurch in Saxon and Norman Times by Brownlow but also the Pedigree of the Family of Bartlett of St. Mary Church co. Devon. BL 09915.aa.3 with accession February 1899.